Umuyoboro

Umuyoboro wa Network ni uburyo bwohereza amakuru kuva igikoresho kimwe (nka mudasobwa) mukindi gikoresho cyurusobe. Nibintu byibanze bigize urusobe. Mubisanzwe duhuza imiyoboro rusange, insinga y'urusobe ikoreshwa nayo yubwoko butandukanye. Mubihe bisanzwe, LAN isanzwe ntabwo ikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga zumuyoboro kugirango uhuze ibikoresho byurusobe. Mu miyoboro minini cyangwa imiyoboro yagutse, ubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga zikoreshwa muguhuza ubwoko butandukanye bwurusobe hamwe.Ni uwuhe muyoboro wogukoresha ugomba guhitamo ukurikije topologiya y'urusobe, imiterere y'urusobekerane n'umuvuduko woherejwe. Itanga ibimenyetso muburyo ya pulses yoroheje kandi igizwe na fibre optique ikozwe mubirahuri cyangwa plastike ibonerana.Hasi hari intangiriro yerekeyeUmuyoboro.

Nkigice cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryitumanaho, rikora umurimo wingenzi wo kohereza amakuru. Kuva kumurongo wa terefone ya mbere kugeza kuri fibre optique ya none ishyigikira ihererekanyamakuru ryihuse, ubwoko na tekinoroji ya insinga za neti byabayeho biturutse ku bwihindurize.

Umuyoboro wa neti ugizwe na bine zinsinga hamwe na cores umunani. Buri kintu cyose gifite ibara ritandukanya kandi rikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amakuru. Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa ssenariyo muri sisitemu yo guhuza insinga.

1）Bikurikiranye nigihe cyo gukoresha: birashobora kugabanywamo insinga zo murugo hamwe ninsinga zo hanze. Intsinga zo mu nzu zerekeza ku nsinga zikoreshwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso imbere mu nyubako, nk'insinga z'urusobe, imirongo ya terefone, n'insinga za televiziyo. Intsinga zo hanze zerekeza ku nsinga zikoreshwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso mu bidukikije byo hanze, nk'insinga za optique hamwe n'insinga za coaxial.

2）Bishyizwe hamwe naimiterere: irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bidafunze kandi bikingiwe. Bidafunze bifatanye bivuga byerekanwe hamwe bidafite ibyuma byo gukingira ibyuma byo hanze, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso bisa kumuvuduko muke. Shielded twisted couple yerekeza kuri joriji ihindagurika hamwe nicyuma cyo gukingira icyuma cyo hanze, ubusanzwe gikoreshwa muburyo bwihuse bwo kohereza ibimenyetso bya digitale kandi bifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya kwivanga.

3） Byashyizwe kumurongo: Imigaragarire irashobora gushyirwa mubice bya RJ-11, RJ-45, na SC. Icyambu cya RJ-11 gikoreshwa mu guhuza imirongo ya terefone igereranya, icyambu cya RJ-45 gikoreshwa mu guhuza insinga za Ethernet, naho icyambu cya SC gikoreshwa mu guhuza fibre optique.

 RJ-45RJ11

4） Noneho umugozi wurusobe rusanzwe urashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butanu bwumugozi (CAT.5), (CAT.5E), (CAT.6), (CAT.6A), (CAT.7).

a.Icyiciro cya 5, Cat5

Imikoreshereze: Icyiciro cya 5 umugozi ni umugozi usanzwe wa Ethernet yihuta (100Mbps) kandi ikoreshwa cyane murugo hamwe nu mishinga mito mito.

Ibiranga: Inshuro yoherejwe: 100MHz.

Igipimo cyamakuru: Yashizweho kuri 10 / 100Mbps Ethernet.

Porogaramu: Birakwiriye kubona interineti yibanze, kugabana dosiye, na serivisi zibanze za VoIP. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ryasimbuwe buhoro buhoro na Cat5e.

b.Icyiciro 5e, Cat5e

Ikoreshwa: Imirongo Itanu Yateguwe neza hashingiwe kumirongo itanu, kandi irashobora gushigikira byimazeyo Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps).

Ibiranga: Inshuro yoherejwe: 100MHz

Igipimo cyamakuru: 10/100 / 1000Mbps.

Porogaramu: Ihitamo nyamukuru ryurugo rugezweho, biro hamwe nu mishinga mito n'iciriritse ihuza imishinga, ishyigikira amashusho asobanutse neza, imikino yo kumurongo hamwe namakuru menshi yo kohereza amakuru.

c. Icyiciro cya 6, Cat6

Imikoreshereze: Imirongo itandatu yo mucyiciro yagenewe guhuza ibikenewe byumuvuduko mwinshi, cyane cyane kumurongo-urwego rwimishinga hamwe nibigo byamakuru.

Ibiranga: Inshuro yoherejwe: 250MHz.

Igipimo cyamakuru: Gushyigikira 1Gbps kandi irashobora kugera kuri 10Gbps mugihe gito.

Gusaba: Birakwiriye kubidukikije bifite ibisabwa byinshi kumuyoboro wogukwirakwiza no gutuza, nkibigo byimbere byimbere hamwe nibigo byamakuru.

d.Icyiciro 6a, Cat6a

Imikoreshereze: Super Class 6 Umurongo ni verisiyo yongerewe umurongo wicyiciro cya 6, itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura no gukingira ingaruka, yagenewe kohereza amakuru yihuse.

Ibiranga: Umuyoboro woherejwe: kugeza 500MHz.

Igipimo cyamakuru: Inkunga ihamye yo kohereza 10Gbps, nintera igera kuri metero 100.

Porogaramu: Birakwiye kubishobora gutegurwa cyane-mugari wa porogaramu mugihe kizaza, nkibigo binini byamakuru, ibikoresho byo kubara ibicu, hamwe n’ibigo byihuta byihuta.

Kuva muburyo bworoshye bugoretse gushushanya kugeza kumenyekanisha ibice byo gukingira no gutezimbere imiterere ya kabili nibikoresho, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji rigamije guhora tunoza umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru, kugabanya ibimenyetso bitandukanya, no kwagura intera yoherejwe. Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ibyifuzo byabakoresha kubyihuta byurusobekerane nubuziranenge, tekinoroji ya kabili y'urusobekerane igenda ihinduka kuva muburyo bwambere bwo kwerekana ibimenyetso kugirango ishyigikire itumanaho ryihuse, kandi itangizwa rya buri gisekuru cyinsinga zurusobe ni agashya kandi karenze icyabanje. ibisekuruza byikoranabuhanga. Ibisobanuro byinsinga zurusobekerane bigaragazwa buri metero 1 kurupapuro rwumurongo. Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana indangamuntu ya CAT.6.

Umuyoboro wa RJ45 wumuyoboro urashobora kuba umugozi unyuze cyangwa umugozi wambukiranya. Binyuze kumurongo ni umugozi impande zombi ni T568A cyangwa byombi ni T568B; Uburyo bwo kwambuka imirongo nugukoresha T568A isanzwe kuruhande rumwe na T568B kurundi ruhande. Noneho imiyoboro yibikoresho byurusobe ibyambu bifasha guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, binyuze ku murongo no ku murongo ushobora gukoreshwa.

Urutonde rwa T568A: ① cyera & icyatsi ② icyatsi ③ cyera & orange ④ ubururu ⑤ cyera & ubururu ⑥ orange ⑦ cyera & igikara ⑧ igikara

Urutonde rwa T568B: ① cyera & orange ② orange ③ cyera & icyatsi ④ ubururu ⑤ ubururu & umweru ⑥ icyatsi ⑦ cyera & igikara ⑧ igikara

Thano hari ubwoko bwinshi bwinsinga, kandi harashobora kuba ubwoko butandukanye ukurikije uburyo butandukanye. Hitamo insinga zumuyoboro ushingiye kubintu bisanzwe bisabwa.

Nka nkingi yifatizo ryitumanaho ryurusobe, iterambere nogukoresha imiyoboro ya rezo bifitanye isano itaziguye nubushobozi nubwiza bwumuryango. Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga no gutandukanya ibyifuzo byisoko, guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwumugozi wahindutse urufunguzo rwo kubaka umuyoboro unoze kandi wizewe. Gusobanukirwa ubwihindurize bwikoranabuhanga, ibintu bikoreshwa, hamwe na politiki yo guhitamo insinga zurusobe ntabwo ari ingenzi kubashinzwe imiyoboro gusa, ahubwo no kubakoresha bisanzwe kugirango bongere uburambe bwurusobe. Guhura nibisabwa byitumanaho rikurikiraho, gukomeza kwitondera iterambere rishya ryikoranabuhanga rya kabili bizaba inzira yingenzi kuri twe guhuza isi nini ya digitale.